Journal of Natural Sciences and Technologies

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALZED DRONE SYSTEMS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2025-07-01T17:14:42+03:00

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and large-scale fires continue to create significant challenges for emergency response teams, especially in densely populated urban areas. Effective disaster management requires rapid intervention and reliable communication infrastructure, both of which are often compromised in the aftermath of a major event. This study focuses on the development and practical implementation of customized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed specifically for post-disaster scenarios.
Proposed drone systems include a mobile base station drone with ground-based power supply for establishing emergency communication networks, a lighting drone to support nighttime search and rescue operations, and specialized models for rapid delivery of medical aid and real-time mapping of affected zones

The research combines engineering design, technical feasibility analysis, and simulation-based testing to address operational challenges such as energy management, coverage optimization, and environmental resilience. In addition, the study discusses regulatory and ethical aspects of UAV deployment in disaster areas within the context of Turkish legislation.
Results indicate that integrating drone technologies into disaster response strategies can significantly shorten response times, improve situational awareness, and facilitate lifesaving interventions. The findings also highlight the potential for local manufacturing and cost-effective solutions, emphasizing the importance of tailored engineering approaches in real-world disaster

ENSURING DATA SECURITY IN DATA COLLECTED FROM THE PRODUCTION AREA IN FACTORIES

2025-07-30T14:48:28+03:00

Technological developments change the way of life of the society and new technological devices are introduced to the market every day. After the fourth industrial revolution, smart homes and factories are put into service with Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which are now in every aspect of people's lives. Smart homes and factories built with IoT devices collect data from daily used vehicles and systems and transmit them to the cloud environment or server hardware. One of the most important problems in these transactions is the risk of data being stolen and copied. In order to overcome these problems, it is essential to ensure the security of the data. With its simple and inexpensive devices, IoT has brought with it complex and costly security and privacy problems. IoT devices that cannot take adequate precautions due to their low resources become the primary target of attackers. IoT applications are exposed to many attack methods such as eavesdropping, copying, duplication and blocking.

In this paper, it is aimed to realize the software and hardware activities of the electronic device that encrypts the data with various encryption algorithms in order to overcome the data security problem such as listening and copying during data transmission in wired and wireless environment in the production area in factories. For this purpose, an interface unit was created using ESP 32 and the data from the sources will be encrypted on this electronic card and transmitted to the target in a wired or wireless way. The encrypted data is decrypted on the target device using USB Stick hardware.

DYNAMIC PATH PLANNING AND MAPPING USING SENSOR FUSION WITH ROS2

2025-07-23T11:42:25+03:00

This study presents a path planning and mapping system developed on the ROS2 platform, aimed at enabling mobile robots to navigate safely and adaptively in indoor environments with dynamic obstacles. The system uses only a LiDAR sensor for environmental perception and applies sensor fusion to improve localization using IMU and odometry data. The default DWB controller in Nav2 is utilized to perform local path planning, and costmap parameters are adjusted to dynamically update obstacle information. The performance of the system is evaluated through simulations in Gazebo, where costmap updates and obstacle types (static and moving) are compared across various test environments such as office, maze, and hexagonal layouts. The results show that dynamic obstacle detection and costmap updates significantly improve path efficiency and task completion time. The study demonstrates the potential of costmap tuning and sensor integration to enhance robot navigation in real-world scenarios.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. OF IMAGE-BASED AI TOOLS FOR DETECTING RECYCLING MATERIAL AND CO₂ ESTIMATIONS

2025-06-30T19:01:49+03:00

Waste management and recycling represent an essential concept in sustainable urban development. This field benefits from community participation, as collective action plays a crucial role in enhancing recycling activities. With artificial intelligence emerging as a transformative technology, new possibilities have emerged for raising awareness about recycling practices, thereby helping people make better decisions regarding their purchasing choices and recycling behaviors. AI tools such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and similar platforms have become popular resources that people incorporate into their daily lives to gather information, generate ideas, and even seek advice. These AI platforms are easily accessible and can be used for free, making them attractive and widely used by individuals. However, understanding the degree to which these AI tools are reliable and comprehending how they actually respond to users remains critically fundamental. This study investigates how various AI platforms analyze images of waste materials to identify their type and estimate the corresponding CO₂ emissions saved through proper recycling or disposal. The study compares how image recognition models and LLMs provide information about recycling. The aim is to support the development of policies that help raise awareness about environmental issues and encourage citizens to engage in environmentally responsible behavior. The study also compares the results provided by different AI tools and assesses their credibility to check how reliably they inform users about recycling practices.

FORMATION OF A CYBER-RESILIENT ECOSYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY AND PRACTICAL APPROACH

2025-06-29T10:51:00+03:00

In the context of growing global cyber threats, universities are increasingly seen as key actors in strengthening cyber resilience at the national and international levels. The article examines the strategic role of higher education institutions in the formation of a safe digital environment through educational, research and institutional activities. The review began with an analysis of the current threat landscape, including hybrid attacks, artificial intelligence challenges, and a shortage of qualified specialists. Further, the concept of the university as a multifunctional agent – educational, innovative and normative – was formed.

The paper carried out a comparative analysis of the best practices of the world's leading universities (including MIT, KU Leuven, NUS), which made it possible to identify common approaches: integration of cybersecurity into programs not only of IT specialties, creation of cyber laboratories, participation in international projects and the introduction of interdisciplinary training. Based on the results of the study, a set of practical recommendations for universities seeking to strengthen their own cyber resilience is formulated. We are talking about updating training programs, using simulation platforms, building partnerships with businesses, and implementing internal digital security policies. The article offers universities a roadmap for the transition from traditional educational institutions to institutions – centers of digital resilience

APPLICATION OF THE FUZZY SETS THEORY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AUTOMATION TECHNICAL MEANS

2025-06-03T13:25:13+03:00

It is established that the main problems of algorithmization for the management of technological processes under conditions of uncertainty are the high dimensionality of the task, the need for prompt identification of technological objects of control and the choice of optimal control influences. It is shown that these problems can be solved using fuzzy logic and decision theory.

A method for formalizing fuzzy concepts based on an objective probabilistic approach is proposed, which increases the reliability of modeling results. Based on fuzzy logic, a method for identifying multidimensional technological objects has been developed, in which, in order to reduce the dimensionality of the problem, a conjunctive inference rule is used instead of the generally accepted disjunctive one to build a relationship between a multidimensional input and output, which simplifies the inference procedure and leads to a more compact and convenient model for practical application.

INVESTIGATION OF THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 5-FLUOROURACIL AND CISPLATIN EXPOSURE ON THE MANTLE TISSUE OF Melanopsis praemorsa LINNAEUS, 1758 (GASTROPODA: PROSOBRANCHIA)

2025-06-27T23:42:55+03:00

In recent years, the accumulation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments and their ecological toxicity have emerged as critical concerns in environmental sciences and ecotoxicology. Among these, antineoplastic agents are of particular concern due to their potent biological activity and persistence in the environment. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin, which are widely used in cancer treatment, are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment processes. Consequently, they can enter surface waters and pose potential risks to non-target aquatic organisms. Hence, the application of reliable biomarkers is essential for accurate environmental toxicity assessments.

In the present study, the freshwater gastropod Melanopsis praemorsa was exposed to environmentally relevant single and combined concentrations (4.56 µg/L⁻¹, 7.91 µg/L⁻¹, 124 µg/L⁻¹, and 250 µg/L⁻¹) of 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin to evaluate their histopathological effects. The exposures were conducted for 7, 14, and 21 days. At the end of each exposure period, mantle tissues were dissected and processed for histological analysis under a light microscope. Histopathological alterations observed in the mantle tissue due to 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin exposure included muscle fiber atrophy, degeneration of cilia, increased lipid vacuolization, epithelial desquamation, and necrosis. These alterations are indicative of tissue-level toxicity and provide compelling evidence of the sublethal effects of these antineoplastic agents on aquatic invertebrates. The findings also support the potential use of Melanopsis praemorsa as a sensitive bioindicator species in aquatic environmental monitoring. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of the toxicological impact of pharmaceutical contaminants in freshwater ecosystems and highlights the need to incorporate antineoplastic compounds into environmental risk assessment frameworks.

USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHODS TO CLASSIFY USERS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE

2025-07-30T07:53:28+03:00

Preliminary analysis allows, at the early stages of developing an educational space model, to determine the feasibility of designing information technology (including in the Client Server architecture) or distributed databases based on an analysis of the commonality of the educational space of a given set of users. The current article aims to the proposed method of community analysis is based on the assessment of the similarity function of users of the educational space.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SHOCK-ABSORBING 3D-PRINTED LINER FOR LOWER LIMB PROSTHESES

2025-05-30T18:07:30+03:00

The current situation in Ukraine, exacerbated by ongoing military operations and a significant increase in amputations among both military personnel and civilians, requires urgent solutions in the field of prosthetics. A personalized approach to the production of high-quality and comfortable lower limb prostheses has become especially relevant. Custom design, taking into account the anatomical features of each patient’s residual limb, enables the creation of inserts with optimal shape and density. This minimizes pain, reduces the risk of irritation, inflammation, or swelling, and accelerates adaptation to a new way of movement. The use of 3D printing technology makes this process more accessible and cost-effective, as it allows for the rapid creation of personalized products without the need for expensive equipment or complex, multi-level production chains. In addition to improving patient comfort, this approach stimulates the development of Ukrainian engineers and biomedical specialists, fostering collaboration between research institutions and manufacturers and laying the foundation for a competitive high-tech industry. Ultimately, this has a positive impact on the socio-economic situation: the faster reintegration of amputees into active life reduces state spending on long-term treatment and rehabilitation while increasing employment rates and labor productivity. Therefore, the combination of high quality, personalization, and efficient resource use makes the implementation of modern 3D printing methods in lower limb prosthetics one of the most effective responses to the urgent needs of both veterans and civilians.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR PLANNING THE MOVEMENT OF A GRIPPING DEVICE FOR A 3-LINK COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MANIPULATOR

2025-07-30T20:38:05+03:00

In the modern conditions of industrial automation development and the implementation of Industry 4.0 elements, the problem of safe and effective interaction of collaborative robot manipulators with the environment, including humans, other technical objects and possible obstacles, is of particular relevance. The task of planning the trajectory of the gripping device in conditions of limited workspace, the presence of obstacles and variable production conditions is especially critical, which requires the development of adaptive navigation methods. Given the need to ensure a high level of safety, accuracy and adaptability in the process of controlling robotic systems, the use of artificial intelligence methods and mathematical models capable of providing flexible response to changes in the spatial configuration of the environment is relevant. This article proposes a method for planning the movement and avoiding obstacles of the gripping device of a three-link collaborative robot manipulator based on the concept of artificial potential fields (APF).

The aim of the research is to create mathematical and algorithmic support for constructing the trajectory of a robotic gripping device, which allows for effective avoidance of collisions with obstacles, while ensuring accurate achievement of the target point in space. The subject of the research is the dynamic behavior of a three-link collaborative manipulator in a three-dimensional working environment taking into account the existing static obstacles. The method of artificial potential fields was used as the main research method, in which the attractive force to the target and the repulsive forces from obstacles are formed on the basis of potential functions. To ensure physical reliability and limit the velocity vector, methods of normalizing the velocity and limiting the space to specified limits were used. As part of the modeling, a system of equations of motion was constructed that takes into account the mass of the system, maximum speed and time step of integration.

The results of the numerical experiment demonstrated that the developed method provides smooth and safe passage of the trajectory without violating the boundaries of the working area, while the trajectory effectively bypasses obstacles in space and reaches the target point. Visualization of the trajectory in the form of a three-dimensional graph confirms the correctness of the algorithm, which can be applied in practical systems of industrial and service robots. The proposed approach can be the basis for further development of adaptive motion control systems in a changing environment and the use of sensor information fusion methods for processing moving or uncertain obstacles. Thus, the technique can be integrated into real robotic systems operating in cooperation with a person, while ensuring compliance with the principles of safety and efficiency